Drössler K
Allerg Immunol (Leipz). 1976;22(1):73-8.
The division of the immune system into humoral and cell-mediated immunity is established in vertebrates. Moreover single manifestations of cell-mediated immunity are observed in invertebrates, too. In protochordates, e.g., a genetically fixed ability to recognize "Self" and "Not-Self" could already be demonstrated, but the interpretation of this phenomenon as a preliminary stage of cell-mediated immunity in vertebrates is not established yet. Especially by the investigation of the transplantation tolerance, for example between mammalia and inferior vertebrates, essential results as to the development of the immune system in vertebrates could be obtained. It is quite sure that the experimental findings obtained till now are not sufficient for giming a complete picture of the phylogenesis of immunologic reactivity. But they very unanimously support the conception that nearly all of the nowadays living representatives of the vertebrates dispose of cell-mediated immunity, which is equal in its characteristic features. And the small lymphocyte takes the central part in the cell-mediated immune reactions of the vertebrates, and the complexity of the lymphoid organs, which is increasing in the course of phylogenesis leads to a quantitative but not to a qualitative change.
免疫系统分为体液免疫和细胞介导免疫是在脊椎动物中确立的。此外，在无脊椎动物中也观察到了细胞介导免疫的单一表现。例如，在原索动物中，已经能够证明其具有遗传固定的识别“自身”和“非自身”的能力，但将这种现象解释为脊椎动物细胞介导免疫的初级阶段尚未确立。特别是通过对移植耐受性的研究，例如在哺乳动物和低等脊椎动物之间，能够获得关于脊椎动物免疫系统发育的重要结果。可以肯定的是，迄今为止获得的实验结果不足以全面描绘免疫反应的系统发生情况。但它们非常一致地支持这样一种观点，即几乎所有现存的脊椎动物代表都具有细胞介导免疫，其特征是相同的。并且小淋巴细胞在脊椎动物的细胞介导免疫反应中起核心作用，在系统发生过程中不断增加的淋巴器官的复杂性导致了数量上而非质量上的变化。
