Curtin J J, Lang A R, Patrick C J, Stritzke W G
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-1051, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1998 Nov;107(4):547-57. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.107.4.547.
Effects of alcohol and cognitive demands on reactions to threat were examined using startle response potentiation to index negative emotion. Men and women received nonalcoholic or alcoholic beverages prior to a series of trial blocks, signaled by light cues indicating that shocks might be delivered ("threat" blocks) or that none would occur ("safe" blocks). Within half of the blocks, participants intermittently viewed pleasant photographic slides. Alcohol attenuated overall startle reactivity, but robust fear potentiation (larger startle magnitudes and shorter latencies during threat versus safe blocks) did not differ by beverage condition. Decomposition of the Beverage x Threat x Slide interaction revealed significant fear potentiation in all conditions, except the one in which alcohol was combined with slides. Thus, dampening of stress response by alcohol may depend on diminished ability to process competing cognitive demands.
通过惊吓反应增强来指示负面情绪，研究了酒精和认知需求对威胁反应的影响。男性和女性在一系列试验区块之前饮用非酒精或酒精饮料，由灯光提示发出信号，表明可能会施加电击（“威胁”区块）或不会发生电击（“安全”区块）。在一半的区块中，参与者间歇性地观看愉快的幻灯片。酒精减弱了总体惊吓反应性，但强烈的恐惧增强（与安全区块相比，威胁区块期间惊吓幅度更大且潜伏期更短）在饮料条件上没有差异。对饮料×威胁×幻灯片交互作用的分解显示，在所有条件下都有显著的恐惧增强，除了酒精与幻灯片同时出现的条件。因此，酒精对应激反应的抑制可能取决于处理竞争性认知需求能力的降低。
