Page M P, Norris D
Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Psychol Rev. 1998 Oct;105(4):761-81. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.105.4.761-781.
A new model of immediate serial recall is presented: the primacy model. The primacy model stores order information by means of the assumption that the strength of activation of successive list items decreases across list position to form a primacy gradient. Ordered recall is supported by a repeated cycle of operations involving a noisy choice of the most active item followed by suppression of the chosen item. Word-length and list-length effects are attributed to a decay process that occurs both during input, when effective rehearsal is prevented, and during output. The phonological similarity effect is attributed to a second stage of processing at which phonological confusions occur. The primacy model produces accurate simulations of the effects of word length, list length, and phonological similarity.
首因模型。首因模型通过假设连续列表项的激活强度沿列表位置递减以形成首因梯度来存储顺序信息。有序回忆由一个重复的操作循环支持，该循环包括对最活跃项的噪声选择，随后抑制所选项目。词长和列表长度效应归因于在输入期间（当有效复述被阻止时）和输出期间发生的衰减过程。语音相似性效应归因于发生语音混淆的第二处理阶段。首因模型对词长、列表长度和语音相似性的效应产生了准确的模拟。
