Gastmann U, Petersen K G, Böcker J, Lehmann M
Department of Sports Medicine, University Medical Clinic, Ulm, Germany.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1998 Sep;38(3):188-93.
Aim was to answer the question whether resting laboratory parameters are suitable for monitoring intensive endurance training at moderate energetic demands. This was designed since markers of overtraining at high energetic demands, e.g. mild anemia, leukopenia, iron deficiency, reduced serum albumin, glucose, triglyceride, triglyceride-rich cholesterol (LDL, VLDL), free fatty acid, increased plasma noradrenaline levels, and decreased basal catecholamine excretions were recommended.
A prospective 6-wk, 6-dys/wk intensive steady state and interval cycle ergometer training of 40-60 min/dy was performed. Total load was about 6-time pretraining activities followed by a 2-wk, 2-hour/wk regenerative training period. Six recreational athletes (VO2max 51.5 +/- 4.5 ml.kg-1.min-1) participated and finished the study. A large pattern of resting hematological, blood-chemical, and hormonal parameters was tested regarding suitability for monitoring overtraining.
After 3 wks, submaximum and maximum performance were significantly increased, stopped improving between wk 3 and 6, or deteriorated. No supercompensation occurred after regeneration, but a decrease in work output. Lack of progression and supercompensation, and decreased maximum work output indicate a critical stage in the training process.
All examined resting laboratory parameters failed to reflect this critical stage except for a significant decrease in serum glucose, ferritin, and free fatty acid concentrations.
目的是回答静息实验室参数是否适用于监测中等能量需求下的强化耐力训练这一问题。之所以进行此项研究，是因为有人推荐了高能量需求下过度训练的标志物，例如轻度贫血、白细胞减少、缺铁、血清白蛋白降低、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、富含甘油三酯的胆固醇（低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白）、游离脂肪酸、血浆去甲肾上腺素水平升高以及基础儿茶酚胺排泄减少。
进行了一项为期6周、每周6天的前瞻性研究，每天进行40 - 60分钟的强化稳态和间歇式自行车测力计训练。总负荷约为训练前活动量的6倍，随后是为期2周、每周2小时的恢复性训练期。六名休闲运动员（最大摄氧量51.5 +/- 4.5毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）参与并完成了该研究。针对静息血液学、血液化学和激素参数的一大组指标进行了监测过度训练适用性的测试。
3周后，次最大和最大运动表现显著提高，在第3周和第6周之间停止改善或出现下降。恢复训练后未出现超量恢复，而是工作输出下降。缺乏进展和超量恢复以及最大工作输出下降表明训练过程进入关键阶段。
除血清葡萄糖、铁蛋白和游离脂肪酸浓度显著降低外，所有检测的静息实验室参数均未能反映这一关键阶段。
