Russell M W, Hajishengallis G, Childers N K, Michalek S M
Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Ala. 35294-2170, USA.
Caries Res. 1999;33(1):4-15. doi: 10.1159/000016490.
Specific immune defense against cariogenic mutans streptococci is provided largely by salivary secretory IgA antibodies, which are generated by the common mucosal immune system. This system is functional in newborn infants, who develop salivary IgA antibodies as they become colonized by oral microorganisms. The mechanisms of action of salivary IgA antibodies include interference with sucrose-independent and sucrose- dependent attachment of mutans streptococci to tooth surfaces, as well as possible inhibition of metabolic activities. The goal of protecting infants against colonization by mutans streptococci might be accomplished by applying new strategies of mucosal immunization that would induce salivary IgA antibodies without the complications of parenteral immunization. Strategies of mucosal immunization against mutans streptococci currently under development include the use of surface adhesins and glucosyltransferase as key antigens, which are being incorporated into novel mucosal vaccine delivery systems and adjuvants. The oral application of preformed, genetically engineered antibodies to mutans streptococcal antigens also offers new prospects for passive immunization against dental caries.
针对致龋变形链球菌的特异性免疫防御主要由唾液分泌型 IgA 抗体提供，这些抗体由共同黏膜免疫系统产生。该系统在新生儿中发挥作用，随着口腔微生物的定植，新生儿会产生唾液 IgA 抗体。唾液 IgA 抗体的作用机制包括干扰变形链球菌与牙面的非蔗糖依赖性和蔗糖依赖性黏附，以及可能抑制代谢活动。通过应用新的黏膜免疫策略来诱导唾液 IgA 抗体，同时避免注射免疫的并发症，可能实现保护婴儿免受变形链球菌定植的目标。目前正在研发的针对变形链球菌的黏膜免疫策略包括使用表面黏附素和葡糖基转移酶作为关键抗原，将它们纳入新型黏膜疫苗递送系统和佐剂中。口服预先形成的、基因工程改造的针对变形链球菌抗原的抗体，也为龋齿的被动免疫提供了新的前景。
