相对风险是什么？一种在常见结局队列研究中校正优势比的方法。

What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes.

作者信息

Zhang J, Yu K F

机构信息

Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510, USA.

出版信息

JAMA. 1998 Nov 18;280(19):1690-1. doi: 10.1001/jama.280.19.1690.

DOI:10.1001/jama.280.19.1690

PMID:9832001

Abstract

Logistic regression is used frequently in cohort studies and clinical trials. When the incidence of an outcome of interest is common in the study population (>10%), the adjusted odds ratio derived from the logistic regression can no longer approximate the risk ratio. The more frequent the outcome, the more the odds ratio overestimates the risk ratio when it is more than 1 or underestimates it when it is less than 1. We propose a simple method to approximate a risk ratio from the adjusted odds ratio and derive an estimate of an association or treatment effect that better represents the true relative risk.

摘要

逻辑回归在队列研究和临床试验中经常被使用。当研究人群中感兴趣的结局发生率较高（>10%）时，从逻辑回归得出的调整后比值比不再能近似风险比。结局越常见，当比值比大于1时，它对风险比的高估就越严重；当比值比小于1时，它对风险比的低估就越严重。我们提出一种简单的方法，从调整后的比值比来近似风险比，并得出一个能更好地代表真实相对风险的关联或治疗效果估计值。