Tavakkol A, Kligman L H, Morrison B M, Polefka T G
Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Contact Dermatitis. 1998 Nov;39(5):231-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05915.x.
Laboratory tests to assess the irritant potential of materials, such as skin cleansers, which are normally used over a long period by humans, fail to mimic actual use. Most washing tests last a few days or at most a few weeks. Skin sites and techniques are often not standardized. The more standardized patch test involves occlusion and results in exaggerated reactions, since even water and blank patches produce visible and pathophysiologic changes. All of these tests rely on visual assessment despite strong evidence that similarly appearing skin can be very different histologically. The primary objective of this study was to use a well-defined animal model to evaluate the cumulative effects of repeated skin exposure to low levels of surfactants of varying skin irritation potential. A secondary aim was to examine whether or not surfactant-induced skin changes were exacerbated by suberythemal UV radiation. Test materials were applied topically, 2x daily to the dorsal areas of normal and low-dose solar simulator exposed mice for 15 weeks. Our results show that, with conditions mimicking typical normal use, these surfactants and skin cleansers produce little or very mild histological changes in the skin. UV irradiation alone produced the greatest change in all histological parameters examined, with no synergistic or additive effects with the topical treatments.
用于评估材料（如皮肤清洁剂）刺激潜能的实验室测试无法模拟实际使用情况，而皮肤清洁剂通常是人类长期使用的。大多数洗涤测试持续几天或至多几周。皮肤部位和技术往往不规范。更标准化的斑贴试验涉及封闭，会导致反应过度，因为即使是水和空白贴片也会产生可见的病理生理变化。尽管有强有力的证据表明外观相似的皮肤在组织学上可能非常不同，但所有这些测试都依赖于视觉评估。本研究的主要目的是使用一个定义明确的动物模型来评估重复皮肤暴露于低水平、具有不同皮肤刺激潜能的表面活性剂的累积效应。次要目的是研究亚红斑量紫外线辐射是否会加剧表面活性剂引起的皮肤变化。将测试材料局部应用于正常小鼠和低剂量太阳模拟器照射的小鼠背部区域，每天2次，持续15周。我们的结果表明，在模拟典型正常使用的条件下，这些表面活性剂和皮肤清洁剂在皮肤中产生很少或非常轻微的组织学变化。单独紫外线照射在所有检测的组织学参数中产生的变化最大，与局部治疗没有协同或相加作用。
