Yan-yu Wu, Xue-min Wang, Yi-Mei Tan, Ying Cheng, Na Liu
Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011 Dec;30(4):263-71. doi: 10.3109/15569527.2011.574302. Epub 2011 Jul 20.
Skin damage caused by a single specific stimulus has been extensively studied. However, many additional mild skin irritants are experienced every day before obvious irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) appears. The effect that these previously experienced mild irritations have on the incidence and severity of sequential ICD remains undefined. The purpose of this work was to explore whether the effects of skin barrier damage induced by either the open patch test with 1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), tape stripping test (TAP) (10×), or irradiation with 0.75 median erythemal dose UVB (MED) will affect the severity of sequential irritant dermatitis induced by a 0.5% SLS occlusive patch test (PT). Nine treatments were applied to nine different locations of the ventral forearm of each subject at random. The nine treatment types were as follows: open patch test with 1% SLS; 10× TAP; UVB irradiation with 0.75 MED; open patch test with 1% SLS + PT with 0.5% SLS (SLSPT); 10× TAP + PT with 0.5% SLS (TAPPT); UVB irradiation with 0.75 MED + PT with 0.5% SLS (UVPT); PT with distilled water (DISPT); PT with 0.5% SLS (PT); and the CONTROL (no treatment). After 5 days of subclinical irritation, the PT was applied on day 6. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance (CAP), and skin color (a*) were measured at baseline and on days 6, 7, and 8. After the PT, indices of irritancy of PT, UVPT, SLSPT, and TAPPT were 60, 80, 87 and 100%, respectively. The index of irritancy of TAPPT and SLSPT were significantly higher than that of PT (p < 0.05). Clinical scores of SLSPT and TAPPT were also significantly higher than PT (p < 0.05). After 5 days of irritation, TEWL of SLS, TAP, SLSPT, and TAPPT were increased significantly compared to that of baseline. After the PT, D-value of TEWL between day 8 and day 6 ((≥6-8)TEWL) of SLSPT and TAPPT were greater than that of PT, and D-value of TEWL between day 8 and day 7 ((≥7-8)TEWL) of SLSPT and TAPPT were less than that of PT values. After the PT, a* values of SLSPT, TAPPT and PT all increased. The D-value of a* between day 8 and day 6 ((≥6-8)a*) of SLSPT and TAPPT were significantly greater than that of PT. After the PT, D-value of CAP between day 8 and day 6 ((≥6-8)CAP) of SLSPT was significantly different as compared to PT. The open patch test with 1% SLS and 10× TAP destroys the skin barrier and is able to significantly increase the irritancy and severity of sequential ICD by 0.5% SLS PT, and therefore influences the recovery speed of inflammation. The open patch test with 1% SLS, 10× TAP, and UVB irradiation with 0.75 MED affects the skin barrier to different degrees. TEWL is a sensitive biophysical parameter that can reflect mild damage to the skin barrier induced by subclinical irritation.
由单一特定刺激引起的皮肤损伤已得到广泛研究。然而，在明显的刺激性接触性皮炎（ICD）出现之前，人们每天会接触到许多其他轻度皮肤刺激物。这些先前经历的轻度刺激对后续ICD的发生率和严重程度的影响尚不清楚。本研究的目的是探讨用1%十二烷基硫酸钠（SLS）进行开放性斑贴试验、胶带剥离试验（TAP）（10次）或用0.75倍红斑剂量的中波紫外线（UVB）照射所诱导的皮肤屏障损伤是否会影响0.5% SLS封闭性斑贴试验（PT）所诱导的后续刺激性皮炎的严重程度。对每位受试者的前臂腹侧的九个不同部位随机进行九种处理。九种处理类型如下：1% SLS开放性斑贴试验；10次TAP；0.75倍红斑剂量的UVB照射；1% SLS开放性斑贴试验 + 0.5% SLS的PT（SLSPT）；10次TAP + 0.5% SLS的PT（TAPPT）；0.75倍红斑剂量的UVB照射 + 0.5% SLS的PT（UVPT）；蒸馏水PT（DISPT）；0.5% SLS的PT（PT）；以及对照（不处理）。在进行5天的亚临床刺激后，于第6天进行PT。在基线以及第6、7和8天测量经表皮水分流失（TEWL）、电容（CAP）和皮肤颜色（a*）。进行PT后，PT、UVPT、SLSPT和TAPPT的刺激指数分别为60%、80%、87%和100%。TAPPT和SLSPT的刺激指数显著高于PT（p < 0.05）。SLSPT和TAPPT的临床评分也显著高于PT（p < 0.05）。在刺激5天后，SLS、TAP、SLSPT和TAPPT的TEWL与基线相比显著增加。进行PT后，SLSPT和TAPPT在第8天和第6天之间的TEWL差值（(≥6 - 8)TEWL）大于PT，SLSPT和TAPPT在第8天和第7天之间的TEWL差值（(≥7 - 8)TEWL）小于PT值。进行PT后，SLSPT、TAPPT和PT的a值均增加。SLSPT和TAPPT在第8天和第6天之间的a差值（(≥6 - 8)a*）显著大于PT。进行PT后，SLSPT在第8天和第6天之间的CAP差值（(≥6 - 8)CAP）与PT相比有显著差异。用1% SLS进行开放性斑贴试验和10次TAP会破坏皮肤屏障，并能够显著增加0.5% SLS PT所诱导的后续ICD的刺激性和严重程度，因此会影响炎症的恢复速度。用1% SLS进行开放性斑贴试验、10次TAP以及用0.75倍红斑剂量的UVB照射会对皮肤屏障产生不同程度的影响。TEWL是一个敏感的生物物理参数，能够反映亚临床刺激对皮肤屏障造成的轻度损伤。
