Batcho K I
Department of Psychology, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New York 13214-1399, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 1998 Oct;87(2):411-32. doi: 10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.411.
Batcho's 1995 Nostalgia Inventory was completed by 210 respondents, 88 males and 122 females, ranging in age from 5 to 79 years old. Subjects scoring high on the Nostalgia Inventory rated the past more favorably than did subjects scoring low on the inventory but did not differ in ratings of the present or future. High-scoring individuals rated themselves more emotional, with stronger memories, need for achievement, and preference for activities with other people, but not as less happy, risk or thrill seeking, religious, logical, easily bored, or expecting to succeed. In a second study, 113 undergraduates, 32 men and 81 women, completed measures of nostalgia, memory, and personality. High-scoring subjects showed no advantage in free recall over low-scoring subjects but recalled more people-oriented autobiographical memories. Individuals scoring high on nostalgia were no more optimistic, pessimistic, or negatively emotional but scored higher on a measure of emotional intensity. Personal nostalgia was distinguished from social-historical nostalgia and world view. Results were discussed with respect to major theoretical approaches.
210名受访者完成了巴乔1995年的怀旧量表，其中88名男性，122名女性，年龄在5岁至79岁之间。在怀旧量表上得分高的受试者对过去的评价比得分低的受试者更积极，但在对现在或未来的评价上没有差异。得分高的个体认为自己更情绪化，有更强的记忆力、成就需求，更喜欢与他人一起活动，但在幸福感、冒险或寻求刺激、宗教信仰、逻辑性、易感到无聊或对成功的期望方面没有差异。在第二项研究中，113名本科生，32名男性和81名女性，完成了怀旧、记忆和人格的测量。得分高的受试者在自由回忆方面没有比得分低的受试者有优势，但回忆起更多以人物为导向的自传体记忆。怀旧得分高的个体在乐观、悲观或消极情绪方面并不更高，但在情绪强度测量上得分更高。个人怀旧与社会历史怀旧和世界观有所区别。研究结果结合主要理论方法进行了讨论。
