Ku C Y, Gower B A, Nagy T R, Goran M I
Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health-Related Professions, and Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
Obes Res. 1998 Nov;6(6):400-7. doi: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00371.x.
The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that dietary fat components were associated with the serum lipid profile independent of ethnicity, body fat, and fat distribution in prepubertal children.
Sixty-six children (45 African American and 21 Caucasian), aged from 4 to 10 years, were recruited into the study. Dietary total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat were estimated by averaging two 24-hour diet recalls. Fasting serum triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were analyzed, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated by the method of Friedewald. Body composition and fat distribution were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography.
Children in both ethnic groups tended to overreport their dietary intake relative to total energy expenditure by 18%. African American children consumed more energy from total fat (35.3% vs. 31.5%, p<0.05), saturated fat (13.7% vs 12.2%, p<0.05), protein (16.4% vs. 13.2%, p=0.02), and less from carbohydrate (48% vs. 57.1%, p<0.01) than Caucasian children. There was no significant correlation between dietary fat and either serum lipids or body fat indices after adjusting for nonfat energy intake and total lean tissue mass. Total body fat (r=0.32), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (r=0.39), and intra-abdominal adipose tissue (r=0.42) were positively related to serum triacylglycerol; these associations remained significant in a multiple linear regression model in which body fat indices were adjusted for ethnicity, total lean tissue, dietary total fat, and nonfat intake.
Our results do not support a link between dietary fat and serum lipids; instead, our data suggest that body fat may play a more important role than dietary fat in the course of cardiovascular disease development in prepubertal children.
本研究旨在检验以下假设：饮食中的脂肪成分与青春期前儿童的血清脂质谱相关，且不受种族、体脂和脂肪分布的影响。
招募了66名4至10岁的儿童（45名非裔美国儿童和21名白人儿童）参与本研究。通过平均两次24小时饮食回忆来估算饮食中的总脂肪、饱和脂肪、单不饱和脂肪和多不饱和脂肪。分析空腹血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，并采用Friedewald法计算低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）。通过双能X线吸收法和计算机断层扫描测量身体成分和脂肪分布。
两个种族的儿童相对于总能量消耗，其饮食摄入量往往多报了18%。非裔美国儿童从总脂肪（35.3%对31.5%，p<0.05）、饱和脂肪（13.7%对12.2%，p<0.05）、蛋白质（16.4%对13.2%，p=0.02）中摄入的能量更多，而从碳水化合物中摄入的能量比白人儿童少（48%对57.1%，p<0.01）。在调整非脂肪能量摄入和总瘦组织质量后，饮食脂肪与血清脂质或体脂指数之间无显著相关性。全身脂肪（r=0.32）、腹部皮下脂肪组织（r=0.39）和腹部内脂肪组织（r=0.42）与血清甘油三酯呈正相关；在多元线性回归模型中，在对种族、总瘦组织、饮食总脂肪和非脂肪摄入量进行体脂指数调整后，这些关联仍然显著。
我们的结果不支持饮食脂肪与血清脂质之间存在联系；相反，我们的数据表明，在青春期前儿童心血管疾病发展过程中，体脂可能比饮食脂肪发挥更重要的作用。
