Sun A Y, Chen Y M
Department of Pharmacology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
J Biomed Sci. 1998 Nov-Dec;5(6):401-14. doi: 10.1007/BF02255928.
Oxidative insults, whether over-excitation, excessive release of glutamate or ATP caused by stroke, ischemia or inflammation, exposure to ionizing radiation, heavy-metal ions or oxidized lipoproteins may initiate various signaling cascades leading to apoptotic cell death and neurodegenerative disorders. Among the various reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the living organism, hydroxyl and peroxynitrite are the most potent and can damage proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. It appears that some natural antioxidants (tocopherol, ascorbic acid and glutathione) and defense enzyme systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) may provide some protection against oxidative damage. Recent findings indicate several polyphenols and antioxidant drugs (probucol, seligilline) are effective in protecting the cells from ROS attack. Further development of these antioxidant molecules may be of value in preventing the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
氧化损伤，无论是由中风、缺血或炎症引起的过度兴奋、谷氨酸或三磷酸腺苷的过度释放，还是暴露于电离辐射、重金属离子或氧化脂蛋白，都可能引发各种信号级联反应，导致细胞凋亡和神经退行性疾病。在生物体内产生的各种活性氧（ROS）中，羟基和过氧亚硝酸盐最为强效，能够损伤蛋白质、脂质和核酸。一些天然抗氧化剂（生育酚、抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽）和防御酶系统（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）似乎可以提供一些针对氧化损伤的保护作用。最近的研究结果表明，几种多酚类物质和抗氧化药物（普罗布考、司来吉兰）在保护细胞免受活性氧攻击方面是有效的。这些抗氧化分子的进一步开发可能对预防神经退行性疾病的发展具有重要价值。
