Department of Physiology, Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP) Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Molecules. 2024 Jun 23;29(13):2990. doi: 10.3390/molecules29132990.
The leaves of mulberry, spp., sunflower sprouts, cashew nut, and mung bean are considered rich sources of plant protein with high levels of branched-chain amino acids. Furthermore, they contain beneficial phytochemicals such as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Additionally, there are reports suggesting that an adequate consumption of amino acids can reduce nerve cell damage, delay the onset of memory impairment, and improve sleep quality. In this study, protein isolates were prepared from the leaves of mulberry, spp., sunflower sprouts, cashew nut, and mung bean. The amino acid profile, dietary fiber content, phenolic content, and flavonoid content were evaluated. Pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anticholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, and γ-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T) activities, were also assessed. This study found that concentrated protein from mung beans has a higher quantity of essential amino acids (52,161 mg/100 g protein) compared to concentrated protein from sunflower sprouts (47,386 mg/100 g protein), spp. (42,097 mg/100 g protein), cashew nut (26,710 mg/100 g protein), and mulberry leaves (8931 mg/100 g protein). The dietary fiber content ranged from 0.90% to 3.24%, while the phenolic content and flavonoid content ranged from 0.25 to 2.29 mg/g and 0.01 to 2.01 mg/g of sample, respectively. Sunflower sprout protein isolates exhibited the highest levels of dietary fiber (3.24%), phenolic content (2.292 ± 0.082 mg of GAE/g), and flavonoids (2.014 mg quercetin/g of sample). The biological efficacy evaluation found that concentrated protein extract from sunflower sprouts has the highest antioxidant activity; the percentages of inhibition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical were 20.503 ± 0.288% and 18.496 ± 0.105%, respectively. Five plant-based proteins exhibited a potent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition, and GABA-T ranging from 3.42% to 24.62%, 6.14% to 20.16%, and 2.03% to 21.99%, respectively. These findings suggest that these plant protein extracts can be used as natural resources for developing food supplements with neuroprotective activity.
桑叶、向日葵芽、腰果、绿豆的叶子被认为是富含植物蛋白的来源，其中含有高水平的支链氨基酸。此外，它们还含有有益的植物化学物质，如抗氧化剂和抗炎剂。此外，有报道称，摄入足够的氨基酸可以减少神经细胞损伤，延缓记忆障碍的发生，并改善睡眠质量。在这项研究中，从桑叶、向日葵芽、腰果、绿豆的叶子中制备了蛋白质分离物。评估了氨基酸谱、膳食纤维含量、酚类含量和类黄酮含量。还评估了药理特性，如抗氧化、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制、单胺氧化酶和γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶 (GABA-T) 活性。这项研究发现，与向日葵芽浓缩蛋白（47,386 mg/100 g 蛋白）、 spp. 浓缩蛋白（42,097 mg/100 g 蛋白）、腰果浓缩蛋白（26,710 mg/100 g 蛋白）和桑叶浓缩蛋白（8931 mg/100 g 蛋白）相比，绿豆浓缩蛋白含有更高数量的必需氨基酸（52,161 mg/100 g 蛋白）。膳食纤维含量在 0.90%至 3.24%之间，而酚类和类黄酮含量分别在 0.25 至 2.29 毫克/克和 0.01 至 2.01 毫克/克的样品之间。向日葵芽蛋白分离物表现出最高的膳食纤维含量（3.24%）、酚类含量（2.292 ± 0.082 mg GAE/g）和类黄酮含量（2.014 mg 槲皮素/g 样品）。生物功效评价发现，向日葵芽浓缩蛋白提取物具有最高的抗氧化活性；1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）和 2,2'-联氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）（ABTS）自由基的抑制率分别为 20.503 ± 0.288%和 18.496 ± 0.105%。五种植物蛋白对乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）酶活性、单胺氧化酶（MAO）抑制和 GABA-T 的抑制作用分别为 3.42%至 24.62%、6.14%至 20.16%和 2.03%至 21.99%。这些发现表明，这些植物蛋白提取物可用作具有神经保护活性的食品补充剂的天然资源。
