Chawarski M C, Pakes J, Schottenfeld R S
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
J Addict Dis. 1998;17(4):49-59. doi: 10.1300/J069v17n04_05.
Based on the review of existing instruments and analysis of problems encountered in clinical and research practice with one of the most commonly used assessment instruments, the RAB, this paper proposes a number of solutions aimed at improving validity, and efficiency of assessment of HIV risk in drug abusing populations. Briefly, five domains of assessment are discussed: intravenous drug use, high-risk sexual behaviors, knowledge of HIV transmission and methods of prevention, psychological aspects of behavioral change, and epidemiological factors of HIV transmission. The paper discusses also changes in format, scope, and context, as well as scoring procedures that may improve discriminability and sensitivity to detect change of a comprehensive HIV risk assessment instrument. Finally, a process of developing an HIV risk assessment instrument, the ARI-I, which is based on the proposed recommendations and which incorporates methodological improvements discussed in the paper is briefly described.
基于对现有工具的审查以及对临床和研究实践中最常用的评估工具之一——风险行为评估量表（RAB）所遇到问题的分析，本文提出了一些旨在提高药物滥用人群中艾滋病毒风险评估的有效性和效率的解决方案。简要地说，讨论了评估的五个领域：静脉注射吸毒、高危性行为、艾滋病毒传播知识和预防方法、行为改变的心理方面以及艾滋病毒传播的流行病学因素。本文还讨论了格式、范围和背景的变化，以及可能提高综合艾滋病毒风险评估工具的区分度和检测变化敏感性的评分程序。最后，简要描述了一个基于所提出建议并纳入本文讨论的方法改进的艾滋病毒风险评估工具——ARI-I的开发过程。
