Adult acute leukemia. The Rochester (NY) Experience.

A ten-year retrospective study of adult acute leukemia was performed in nonieukemia-specialized centers to determine prognostic factors, length and quality of survival, cause of death, and response to different modes of therapy. Of 200 patients, 9.5% achieved complete remission, 14.0% obtained partial remission, and no response was present in 76.5%. Patients who were 50 years old or more (64.5%) had a significantly lower response rate (P less than .005) and survival (P less than .05) than the younger age group. Aggressive chemotherapy significantly improved the response rate, as well as survival (P less than .001). Quality of life was similar for responders and nonresponders, both spending only one fourth of their survival time in the hospital. Infection as the leading cause of death. The overall ten-year response rate of 23.5% represents a realistic rate in nonleukemia-specialized centers in which the treatment of adult acute leukemia is variable.