Essau C A, Conradt J, Petermann F
Zentrum für Rehabilitationsforschung, Universität Bremen.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 1998 Nov;66(11):524-30. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-995294.
Using data from the Bremen Adolescent Study, this report presents findings on the frequency, comorbidity and psychosocial impairment of social phobia and social fears among 1035 German adolescents of 12-17 years of age. The adolescents were randomly selected from 36 schools in the city and provincial government area of Bremen, Germany. Social phobia and other psychiatric disorders were coded based on DSM-IV criteria using the computerized personal interview of the Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Seventeen (1.6%) of the adolescents had met the DSM-IV criteria for social phobia at some time in their life. More girls than boys were diagnosed as suffering from social phobia. The incidence of the disorder increased with age. The lifetime frequency of social fears is much higher. The most common types of feared social situations were fear of doing something in front of other people, followed by public speaking. Social phobia very often co-occurred with depressive disorders, somatoform disorders and disorders caused by excessive or inappropriate consumption of substances. Over 94% of those with social phobia and 54.4% with any social fears were severely impaired in their daily life during the worst episode. Despite the high level of psychosocial impairment, only a small portion of the cases received professional help.
本报告利用不来梅青少年研究的数据，呈现了1035名12至17岁德国青少年社交恐惧症及社交恐惧的发生频率、共病情况和心理社会损害方面的研究结果。这些青少年是从德国不来梅市及省级行政区的36所学校中随机选取的。社交恐惧症和其他精神疾病根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版标准，通过慕尼黑版综合国际诊断访谈的计算机化个人访谈进行编码。17名（1.6%）青少年在其生命中的某个时刻符合社交恐惧症的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版标准。被诊断患有社交恐惧症的女孩比男孩多。该疾病的发病率随年龄增长而上升。社交恐惧的终生发生率要高得多。最常见的恐惧社交情境类型是害怕在他人面前做某事，其次是公开演讲。社交恐惧症常常与抑郁症、躯体形式障碍以及因过度或不当使用物质导致的障碍同时出现。在最严重发作期间，超过94%患有社交恐惧症的青少年以及54.4%有任何社交恐惧的青少年在日常生活中受到严重损害。尽管心理社会损害程度很高，但只有一小部分病例得到了专业帮助。
