Essau C A, Conradt J, Petermann F
Center for Rehabilitation Research, University of Bremen, Germany.
Behav Res Ther. 1999 Sep;37(9):831-43. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00179-x.
This report presents findings on the frequency, comorbidity and psychosocial impairment of social phobia and social fears among 1035 adolescents, aged 12-17 years. The adolescents were randomly selected from 36 schools in the province of Bremen, Germany. Social phobia and other psychiatric disorders were coded based on DSM-IV criteria using the computerized Munich version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Seventeen (1.6%) of the adolescents met the DSM-IV criteria for social phobia sometimes in their life. More girls than boys received the diagnosis of social phobia and the frequency of the disorder increased with age. The lifetime frequency of social fears were much higher than that of social phobia. The most common types of feared social situations were fear of doing something in front of other people, followed by public speaking. Social phobia comorbid highly with depressive disorders, somatoform disorders and substance use disorders. Despite the high level of psychosocial impairment experienced by cases with social phobia and those with any social fears, only a small portion of them did receive professional help.
本报告展示了对1035名年龄在12至17岁的青少年社交恐惧症及社交恐惧的发生频率、共病情况和心理社会损害的研究结果。这些青少年是从德国不来梅州的36所学校中随机选取的。社交恐惧症和其他精神障碍依据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版标准，使用计算机化的慕尼黑版综合国际诊断访谈进行编码。17名（1.6%）青少年在生活中的某些时候符合社交恐惧症的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版标准。被诊断为社交恐惧症的女孩比男孩更多，且该障碍的发生频率随年龄增长而增加。社交恐惧的终生发生率远高于社交恐惧症。最常见的恐惧社交情境类型是害怕在他人面前做某事，其次是公开演讲。社交恐惧症与抑郁症、躯体形式障碍和物质使用障碍高度共病。尽管社交恐惧症患者和有任何社交恐惧的患者经历了高水平的心理社会损害，但只有一小部分人接受了专业帮助。
