Källmén H, Gustafson R
Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.
Eur Addict Res. 1998 Dec;4(4):150-62. doi: 10.1159/000018948.
This review investigates research evaluating the disinhibition hypothesis. This hypothesis postulates that in a sober state behavior is inhibited. When people are influenced by alcohol the inhibitions are supposed to be weakened and the motivating drives are postulated to become disinhibited and potent to influence behavior. This report reviews the effect of alcohol on nerve functions, on human sexuality, aggression, eating behavior, psychological conflicts, fluency in talk, social anxiety, violent crimes and the interaction of alcohol and social norms. It has been shown that individual subjective experiences sometimes indicate disinhibition (reduction of the forces holding back impulses) and objective behavior in some respects was different when the subject was intoxicated, but the mechanism that mediates behavior is not clear. It seems to be difficult to measure independently the forces restraining (inhibiting) the driving forces (uncontrolled impulses) at the same time as measuring these driving forces. The review concludes that there is no unambiguous support of the disinhibition hypothesis. An alternative hypothesis that seems to explain many behaviors in an inebriated individual is the 'time out' hypothesis which states that drunken behavior is influenced more by norms about what it should be than by the pharmacological effect of alcohol.
本综述调查了评估去抑制假说的研究。该假说假定，在清醒状态下行为受到抑制。当人们受到酒精影响时，这些抑制作用被认为会减弱，而驱动行为的动力被假定会变得不再受抑制，并对行为产生有力影响。本报告回顾了酒精对神经功能、人类性行为、攻击性、饮食行为、心理冲突、言语流畅性、社交焦虑、暴力犯罪以及酒精与社会规范相互作用的影响。研究表明，个体主观体验有时表明存在去抑制现象（抑制冲动的力量减弱），并且在某些方面，当受试者处于醉酒状态时客观行为会有所不同，但介导行为的机制尚不清楚。似乎很难在测量驱动力（不受控制的冲动）的同时，独立测量抑制这些驱动力的力量。综述得出结论，没有明确证据支持去抑制假说。一个似乎能解释醉酒个体许多行为的替代假说是“暂停”假说，该假说认为，醉酒行为更多地受到关于其应有的规范的影响，而非酒精的药理作用。
