Gil F J, Planell J A
Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal-lúrgica, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Barcelona, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain.
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 1998;212(6):473-88. doi: 10.1243/0954411981534231.
The shape memory alloys exhibit a number of remarkable properties, which open new possibilities in engineering and more specifically in biomedical engineering. The most important alloy used in biomedical applications is NiTi. This alloy combines the characteristics of the shape memory effect and superelasticity with excellent corrosion resistance, wear characteristics, mechanical properties and a good biocompatibility. These properties make it an ideal biological engineering material, especially in orthopaedic surgery and orthodontics. In this work the basis of the memory effect lies in the fact that the materials exhibiting such a property undergo a thermoelastic martensitic transformation. In order to understand even the most elementary engineering aspects of the shape memory effect it is necessary to review some basic principles of the formation and the characteristics of the martensitic phase. The different properties of shape memory, superelasticity, two-way shape memory, rubber-like behaviour and a high damping capacity are reviewed. Some applications proposed in recent years are described and classified according to different medical fields.
形状记忆合金具有许多显著特性，这为工程领域，尤其是生物医学工程领域带来了新的可能性。生物医学应用中使用的最重要的合金是镍钛合金。这种合金将形状记忆效应和超弹性的特性与出色的耐腐蚀性、磨损特性、机械性能以及良好的生物相容性结合在一起。这些特性使其成为理想的生物工程材料，尤其是在矫形外科手术和正畸学中。在这项工作中，记忆效应的基础在于表现出这种特性的材料会经历热弹性马氏体转变。为了理解形状记忆效应最基本的工程方面，有必要回顾马氏体相形成的一些基本原理及其特性。本文综述了形状记忆、超弹性、双向形状记忆、橡胶状行为和高阻尼能力等不同特性。介绍了近年来提出的一些应用，并根据不同医学领域进行了分类。
