Garrett L C, Conway G A, Manwaring J C
Alaska Field Station, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Anchorage, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998 Dec;69(12):1131-6.
Alaska, with less than one-half of 1% of the United States workforce, accounts for 9% of all occupational aviation fatalities nationally; 30% of all occupational fatalities in Alaska are related to aviation. To understand this high mortality, we investigated occupational aviation crashes to identify risk factors. Occupational aviation fatalities in Alaska during 1990-94 were examined using National Transportation Safety Board reports and merged with records from the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System. There were 876 aircraft crashes; 407 (46%) were work-related. Occupational crashes were 2.2 times (CI: 1.5, 3.2) more likely to result in fatalities than non-occupational crashes. Risk factors identified included poor weather conditions defined as Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). A crash during IMC was 5.3 times (CI: 3.5, 7.9) more likely to result in fatalities than crashes in other conditions. Of aircraft involved in fatal occupational incidents, 33% were not completely destroyed, allowing the potential for survivors. An estimated 30% reduction in fatalities could have occurred if current technology in occupant protection had been used.
阿拉斯加的劳动力占美国劳动力总数不到0.5%，却占全国职业航空死亡人数的9%；阿拉斯加所有职业死亡人数中有30%与航空有关。为了解这种高死亡率情况，我们对职业航空事故进行了调查以确定风险因素。利用美国国家运输安全委员会的报告对1990年至1994年阿拉斯加的职业航空死亡事故进行了审查，并与阿拉斯加职业伤害监测系统的记录进行了合并。共有876起飞机坠毁事故；其中407起（46%）与工作相关。职业事故导致死亡的可能性是非职业事故的2.2倍（置信区间：1.5，3.2）。确定的风险因素包括被定义为仪表气象条件（IMC）的恶劣天气状况。在仪表气象条件下发生的坠机事故导致死亡的可能性是其他条件下坠机事故的5.3倍（置信区间：3.5，7.9）。在致命职业事故中涉及的飞机，有33%没有完全损毁，存在幸存者的可能性。如果采用当前的乘员保护技术，估计死亡人数可能会减少30%。
