Delvaux M, Fontaine P, Bartsch P, Fontaine O
Université de Liège, Service de Psychologie de la Santé.
Rev Med Liege. 1998 Oct;53(10):610-8.
The hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), characterised by multiple somatic symptoms induced by inappropriate hyperventilation, constitutes the physiopathological manifestation of a common disorder in general medicine. As a synonym of spasmophilia or tetany, it has the advantage of offering diagnostic criteria, even though the latter are still vaguely defined. But its definition allows for objective measurements: indeed, a decrease in PCO2 during a hyperventilation provoking test and an abnormally low PCO2 rate at rest can be easily quantified. Moreover, the HVS concept offers a treatment which is both structured (respiratory reeducation, psychotherapy and pharmacology) and efficient. Yet, a number of scientific uncertainties still exist. There is no general agreement regarding the criteria which should be taken into account in a hyperventilation provoking test in order to diagnose an hyperventilation syndrome; the specificity of such a test is weak and a placebo can induce as many symptoms as can a HVS. Respiratory reeducation has good results but does not necessarily have an effect on PCO2. Some therapists see in it no more than a mechanism of relaxation and a rational explanation of frightening symptoms. This has led some authors to reject the term "hyperventilation syndrome" and to prefer the expression "chronic hyperventilation of unknown origin".
过度换气综合征（HVS）以不适当的过度换气引起的多种躯体症状为特征，是普通医学中一种常见疾病的生理病理表现。作为痉挛素质或手足搐搦的同义词，它具有提供诊断标准的优势，尽管这些标准仍未明确界定。但其定义允许进行客观测量：实际上，在过度换气激发试验期间PCO2的降低以及静息时异常低的PCO2率可以很容易地量化。此外，HVS概念提供了一种结构化（呼吸再教育、心理治疗和药理学）且有效的治疗方法。然而，仍存在一些科学上的不确定性。对于为诊断过度换气综合征而在过度换气激发试验中应考虑的标准，尚无普遍共识；此类试验的特异性较弱，安慰剂可诱发与HVS一样多的症状。呼吸再教育有良好效果，但不一定对PCO2有影响。一些治疗师认为它只不过是一种放松机制和对令人恐惧症状的合理解释。这导致一些作者拒绝使用“过度换气综合征”一词，而更喜欢“不明原因的慢性过度换气”这一表述。
