Kane A J, Stover S M, Gardner I A, Bock K B, Case J T, Johnson B J, Anderson M L, Barr B C, Daft B M, Kinde H, Larochelle D, Moore J, Mysore J, Stoltz J, Woods L, Read D H, Ardans A A
Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 1998 Dec;59(12):1545-52.
To evaluate hoof size, shape, and balance as risk factors for catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries (CMI), including suspensory apparatus failure (SAF) and cannon bone condylar fracture (CDY) in Thoroughbred racehorses.
95 Thoroughbred racehorses that died between 1994 and 1996.
38 quantitative measures of hoof size, shape, and balance were obtained from orthogonal digital images of the hoof and were compared between case horses with forelimb CMI (70), SAF (43), and CDY (10) injuries and control horses whose death was unrelated to the musculoskeletal system (non-CMI, 25). Comparison of group means between cases and controls was done using ANOVA, and multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios.
Odds of CMI were 0.62 times lower for a 5mm increase in ground surface width difference and 0.49 times lower for a 100-mm2 increase in sole area difference. Odds of SAF were 6.75 times greater with a 10 degrees increase in toe-heel angle difference and 0.58 times lower with a 100-mm2 increase in sole area difference. Odds of CDY were 0.26 times lower with a 3 degrees increase in toe angle, 0.15 times lower with a 5-mm increase in lateral ground surface width, and 0.35 times lower with a 100-mm2 increase in sole area difference.
Decreasing the difference between toe and heel angles should decrease risk of SAF for Thoroughbred racehorses and should be considered in addition to increasing toe angle alone to help prevent catastrophic injury. Trimming the hoof to perfect mediolateral symmetry may not be a sound approach to avoiding injury.
评估蹄的大小、形状和平衡作为纯种赛马灾难性肌肉骨骼损伤（CMI）的风险因素，包括悬韧带装置失效（SAF）和胫髁骨折（CDY）。
1994年至1996年间死亡的95匹纯种赛马。
从蹄的正交数字图像中获取38项关于蹄大小、形状和平衡的定量测量数据，并在患有前肢CMI（70例）、SAF（43例）和CDY（10例）损伤的病例马与死亡与肌肉骨骼系统无关的对照马（非CMI，25例）之间进行比较。病例组和对照组之间的组均值比较采用方差分析，多变量逻辑回归用于估计比值比。
地面表面宽度差每增加5mm，CMI的发生几率降低0.62倍；足底面积差每增加100mm²，CMI的发生几率降低0.49倍。趾跟角度差每增加10度，SAF的发生几率增加6.75倍；足底面积差每增加100mm²，SAF的发生几率降低0.58倍。趾角每增加3度，CDY的发生几率降低0.26倍；外侧地面表面宽度每增加5mm，CDY的发生几率降低0.15倍；足底面积差每增加100mm²，CDY的发生几率降低0.35倍。
减小趾角和跟角之间的差异应可降低纯种赛马发生SAF的风险，除了单独增加趾角外，还应考虑这一点以帮助预防灾难性损伤。将蹄修剪至完美的内外侧对称可能不是避免损伤的合理方法。
