'Interfacial affinity chromatography' of lipases: separation of different fractions by selective adsorption on supports activated with hydrophobic groups.

Lipases contained in commercial samples of lipase extracts from Rhizopus niveus (RNL) and Candida rugosa (CRL) have been selectively adsorbed on hydrophobic supports at very low ionic strength. Under these conditions, adsorption of other proteins (including some esterases) is almost negligible. More interestingly, these lipases could be separated in several active fractions as a function of a different rate or a different intensity of adsorption on supports activated with different hydrophobic groups (butyl-, phenyl- and octyl-agarose). Thus, although RNL seemed to be a homogeneous sample by SDS-PAGE, it could be separated, via sequential adsorption on the different supports, into three different fractions with very different thermal stability and substrate specificity. For example, one fraction hydrolyzed more rapidly ethyl acetate than ethyl butyrate, while another hydrolyzed the acetate ester 7-fold slower than the butyrate. Similar results were obtained with samples of CRL. Again, we could obtain three different fractions showing very different properties. For example, enantioselectivity for the hydrolysis of (R,S) 2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid ethyl ester ranged from 1.2 to 12 for different CRL fractions. It seems that very slight structural differences may promote a quite different interfacial adsorption of lipases on hydrophobic supports as well as a quite different catalytic behavior. In this way, this new 'interfacial affinity chromatography' seems to be very suitable for an easy separation of such slightly different lipase forms.