Kowiański P, Dziewiatkowski J, Kowiańska J, Moryś J
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
Brain Behav Evol. 1999;53(1):44-54. doi: 10.1159/000006581.
The morphology of the claustrum was studied by stereological methods in representatives of five mammalian orders (Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Carnivora and Primates). In each species under study, a dorsal and a ventral part of the nucleus can be distinguished. Based on differences in shape and separation from surrounding structures, five morphological types of the claustrum occur. The claustrum of Insectivora and some rodents represents the least complicated morphological type. The nucleus is very poorly separated from the surrounding structures. The human claustrum is morphologically the most complicated, although the two above-mentioned principal divisions are apparent. The ventrally situated paraamygdalar part of the human claustrum may correspond to the endopiriform nucleus or ventral part of the claustrum of other mammals, because of its morphological characteristics and connections with the limbic system. In guinea pigs, traditionally classified as members of the Rodentia, a characteristic morphological type of the claustrum is present. This observation may support arguments questioning the current position of this species in mammalian classification. Based on stereological studies, the increase of the claustral volume that occurs with increase of the hemispheric volume is significantly smaller than the increase of the isocortical volume and larger than the increase of the allocortical volume. The increase of the volume of the dorsal and ventral parts of the claustrum does not differ significantly in the species under study. Neurons of the claustrum represent differentiated morphology. The numerical density of neurons in the dorsal part of the claustrum is significantly higher than in the ventral one. Differences in the morphology and cellular structure of the two parts of the claustrum may suggest differences in function of the two parts of the nucleus, most probably concerned with transfer of information among various cortical regions. Changes in the claustrum, a cortico-related structure, that occur with increased brain volume, may suggest that its development is less dynamic than that of the isocortex.
采用体视学方法，对五个哺乳动物目（食虫目、啮齿目、兔形目、食肉目和灵长目）的代表动物的屏状核形态进行了研究。在所研究的每个物种中，都可以区分出核的背侧部分和腹侧部分。根据形状差异以及与周围结构的分隔情况，出现了五种屏状核形态类型。食虫目动物和一些啮齿动物的屏状核代表了最不复杂的形态类型。该核与周围结构的分隔非常差。人类的屏状核在形态上最为复杂，尽管上述两个主要部分很明显。人类屏状核腹侧的杏仁旁部分，由于其形态特征以及与边缘系统的联系，可能与其他哺乳动物的梨状内核或屏状核的腹侧部分相对应。在传统上被归类为啮齿目的豚鼠中，存在一种特有的屏状核形态类型。这一观察结果可能支持对该物种在哺乳动物分类中当前位置提出质疑的观点。基于体视学研究，随着半球体积的增加，屏状核体积的增加明显小于同型皮质体积的增加，且大于异皮质体积的增加。在所研究的物种中，屏状核背侧和腹侧部分体积的增加没有显著差异。屏状核的神经元表现出分化的形态。屏状核背侧部分的神经元数量密度明显高于腹侧部分。屏状核两部分在形态和细胞结构上的差异可能表明该核两部分在功能上存在差异，很可能与不同皮质区域之间的信息传递有关。随着脑体积增加而发生的与皮质相关的结构——屏状核的变化，可能表明其发育比同型皮质的发育缺乏活力。
