Talbert A, Nyange A, Molteni F
Mvumi Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1998 May-Jun;92(3):251-3. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90998-1.
Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of children in central Tanzania. This study assessed the effect of house interior residual spraying with lambda-cyhalothrin on domestic tick infestation and the incidence of TBRF in children under 5 years old. Two neighbouring villages were studied: one was sprayed with insecticide, the other left untreated. Samples of earth from the floors of 50 houses before and after spraying, and 50 houses in the control village, were sieved and ticks counted. The incidence of TBRF was estimated by microscopy of thick blood films taken from all children under 5 years old presenting with fever to the village dispensary or health workers. After 2 cycles of spraying, no tick was found in the treated houses; in the controls, tick numbers remained high. In the treated village there were 29 cases of TBRF among the 960 children under 5 years old in the 4 months before spraying, and one in the 4 months after spraying. In the control village there were 10 and 4 cases in the same periods among the 510 children. There was a significant reduction of 0.09 in the odds ratio of infection after spraying (95% confidence interval 0.01-0.87).
蜱传回归热（TBRF）是坦桑尼亚中部儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。本研究评估了用氯氟氰菊酯进行室内滞留喷洒对家庭蜱虫感染情况以及5岁以下儿童蜱传回归热发病率的影响。对两个相邻村庄进行了研究：一个村庄喷洒了杀虫剂，另一个村庄未处理。在喷洒前后分别对50所房屋的地板泥土样本以及对照村庄的50所房屋样本进行筛分并统计蜱虫数量。通过对所有到村诊所或卫生工作者处就诊发热的5岁以下儿童采集的厚血膜进行显微镜检查来估计蜱传回归热的发病率。经过2轮喷洒后，在喷洒过的房屋中未发现蜱虫；在对照房屋中，蜱虫数量仍然很高。在喷洒前的4个月里，喷洒村庄960名5岁以下儿童中有29例蜱传回归热病例，喷洒后的4个月里有1例。在对照村庄，510名儿童在相同时间段内分别有10例和4例。喷洒后感染比值比显著降低至0.09（95%置信区间0.01 - 0.87）。
