Havenaar J M, Meijler-Iljina L, van den Bout J, Melnikov A V
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Am J Psychother. 1998 Fall;52(4):501-13. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1998.52.4.501.
During recent years, the former Soviet states have witnessed enormous social and cultural changes, which have also greatly influenced the field of mental health, including psychotherapy. In this article, the historical backgrounds of Russian psychotherapy and its current practice are described. Psychotherapy in Russia and in Western countries share common roots, but have developed into different directions during the 70 years of Soviet regime. In more recent years, they have begun to slowly converge again. In the West, a trend away from insight-oriented, nondirective psychotherapy is taking place in favor of more directive approaches, aimed at changing overt behavior. In contrast, there is a tendency for therapies in Russian-speaking countries to become gradually less directive and authoritarian. In these countries there is an increasing interest in psychodynamic, insight-oriented therapies.
近年来，前苏联各加盟共和国经历了巨大的社会和文化变革，这些变革也对心理健康领域，包括心理治疗产生了重大影响。本文介绍了俄罗斯心理治疗的历史背景及其当前的实践情况。俄罗斯和西方国家的心理治疗有着共同的根源，但在苏联政权统治的70年里朝着不同的方向发展。近年来，它们又开始慢慢再次趋同。在西方，一种从注重洞察、非指导性心理治疗转向更具指导性方法的趋势正在出现，这些方法旨在改变明显的行为。相比之下，说俄语国家的治疗方法有逐渐减少指导性和权威性的趋势。在这些国家，人们对心理动力、注重洞察的治疗方法的兴趣与日俱增。
