Johanson C E, Preston K
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48207, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998 Nov;6(4):427-32. doi: 10.1037//1064-1297.6.4.427.
Participants discriminated between tripelennamine and placebo in experiments differing in instructional set. In 1 experiment (SED), participants were told that 1 of the 2 drugs was more sedative-like, and during the other (STIM), 1 was more stimulant-like. During generalization tests, participants received diazepam or d-amphetamine. Percent correct was the same in both experiments. Tripelennamine increased sedative and decreased stimulant effects. Amphetamine and diazepam produced typical subjective effects. Some subjective effects differed across experiments with more sedative and less stimulant effects during SED than STIM. In SED and STIM, capsules were labeled 80% of the time as a sedative and stimulant, respectively. Thus, instructions designed to give expectations had no effect on discrimination and only a few changes in subjective effects. When asked to name the drug that they believed they received, labels reflected instructional set.
在不同指导语设置的实验中，参与者能够区分曲吡那敏和安慰剂。在一项实验（SED）中，参与者被告知两种药物中的一种更具镇静样作用，而在另一项实验（STIM）中，被告知一种更具兴奋样作用。在泛化测试中，参与者接受地西泮或右旋苯丙胺。两项实验中的正确百分比相同。曲吡那敏增强了镇静作用并减弱了兴奋作用。苯丙胺和地西泮产生了典型的主观效应。一些主观效应在不同实验中有所不同，在SED实验中比STIM实验有更多的镇静作用和更少的兴奋作用。在SED和STIM实验中，胶囊分别有80%的时间被标记为镇静剂和兴奋剂。因此，旨在给出预期的指导语对辨别没有影响，对主观效应只有一些改变。当被要求说出他们认为自己服用的药物时，标签反映了指导语设置。
