Stoops William W, Lile Joshua A, Glaser Paul E A, Rush Craig R
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Feb;13(1):56-64. doi: 10.1037/1064-1297.13.1.56.
Asymmetrical generalization between drugs on drug-discrimination procedures has been demonstrated for sedative and stimulant drugs in animals and to some extent with sedative drugs in humans. The aim of this experiment was to examine the discriminative-stimulus effects of d-amphetamine in methylphenidate-trained humans. A previous study demonstrated that methylphenidate substitutes for d-amphetamine in d-amphetamine-trained humans. Six healthy human participants first learned to discriminate 30 mg oral methylphenidate. Doses of oral methylphenidate, d-amphetamine, triazolam, and placebo were then tested to determine whether they share discriminative-stimulus and self-reported effects with 30 mg methylphenidate. Methylphenidate and d-amphetamine dose-dependently increased methylphenidate-appropriate responding and produced prototypical stimulant-like effects. Triazolam produced low levels of methylphenidate-appropriate responding and prototypical sedative-like effects. The results of this experiment are concordant with previous studies and suggest that the behavioral effects of oral methylphenidate and d-amphetamine overlap extensively and that the discriminative-stimulus effects of methylphenidate and d-amphetamine are symmetrical.
在动物的药物辨别程序中，已证明镇静剂和兴奋剂药物之间存在不对称的泛化现象，在人类中，镇静剂药物在一定程度上也存在这种现象。本实验的目的是研究右旋苯丙胺在接受哌甲酯训练的人类中的辨别刺激效应。先前的一项研究表明，在接受右旋苯丙胺训练的人类中，哌甲酯可替代右旋苯丙胺。六名健康的人类参与者首先学会辨别30毫克口服哌甲酯。然后测试口服哌甲酯、右旋苯丙胺、三唑仑和安慰剂的剂量，以确定它们是否与30毫克哌甲酯具有共同的辨别刺激和自我报告效应。哌甲酯和右旋苯丙胺剂量依赖性地增加了与哌甲酯相符的反应，并产生了典型的兴奋剂样效应。三唑仑产生了低水平的与哌甲酯相符反应和典型的镇静剂样效应。本实验结果与先前研究一致，表明口服哌甲酯和右旋苯丙胺的行为效应广泛重叠，且哌甲酯和右旋苯丙胺的辨别刺激效应是对称的。
