Parkes K R
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998 Oct;24(5):321-33. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.352.
In recent years, the North Sea oil and gas industry has been exposed to widespread change, including organizational restructuring, "down-sizing", and increased safety regulation. This article reviews the literature on psychosocial stress, health, and safety among offshore personnel in the light of these developments. Few studies directly compare onshore and offshore populations; the available data suggest that, relative to their onshore counterparts, offshore personnel experience greater anxiety, more sleep problems, and higher work load. Within the offshore population, objective factors (eg, size, age, type of installation, work patterns, and occupational differences), subjective work perceptions, individual differences (age and personality), and health behavior, all play significant roles in relation to health and safety outcomes. However, much of the research in stress and health offshore has methodological limitations and does not allow causal interpretation. The need for prospective studies of the long-term mental and physical health of offshore personnel, and for research in several specific areas, is noted.
近年来，北海石油和天然气行业经历了广泛的变革，包括组织架构重组、“规模缩减”以及安全监管加强。本文鉴于这些发展情况，对有关近海作业人员心理社会压力、健康与安全的文献进行了综述。很少有研究直接比较岸上和近海作业人群；现有数据表明，与岸上同行相比，近海作业人员焦虑感更强、睡眠问题更多且工作负荷更高。在近海作业人群中，客观因素（如规模、年龄、设施类型、工作模式和职业差异）、主观工作认知、个体差异（年龄和性格）以及健康行为，在健康与安全结果方面均发挥着重要作用。然而，许多关于近海作业压力与健康的研究存在方法上的局限性，无法进行因果解释。文中指出了对近海作业人员长期身心健康进行前瞻性研究以及在几个特定领域开展研究的必要性。
