Derivation of tumor-specific cytolytic T-cell clones from two lung cancer patients with long survival.

We derived lung carcinoma cell lines from tumor material resected from a patient with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and from a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The patient with NSCLC was vaccinated with irradiated autologous tumor cells. The two patients enjoyed an exceptionally favorable clinical evolution and are currently without signs of cancer 10 and 8 yr after their diagnoses, respectively. Autologous mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell cultures (MLTC) were produced with blood lymphocytes stimulated with irradiated autologous tumor cells. The first patient's SCLC cells, which carried a small amount of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, were incubated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) before being used as stimulator cells. A cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clone was derived that specifically lysed the IFN-gamma-treated SCLC cells but did not lyse untreated tumor cells or autologous lymphoblasts. Clones of autologous tumor-specific CTL, directed against the NSCLC cells of the other patient, were also obtained. These tumor cells carried a higher level of HLA class I molecules and were lysed by the CTL without incubation with IFN-gamma. Altogether, these results indicate that SCLC and NSCLC cancer cells can be recognized by autologous CTL, and might therefore be susceptible to specific immunotherapy.