Taylor G A, Soul J S, Dunning P S
Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998 Nov-Dec;19(10):1931-4.
Sonographic identification of communicating and noncommunicating forms of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus can be difficult. This study evaluates the feasibility of using sonographic contrast agents to determine ventricular patency in a newborn animal model.
A craniotomy was performed and a catheter was placed under sonographic guidance into the lateral ventricle in five anesthetized newborn piglets. Sonograms were obtained before and after intraventricular injection of 0.01 mL of a sonographic contrast agent (Imagent, formulation AF0150; Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp, San Diego, CA) diluted in 1 mL normal saline, and images were assessed for presence and location of echogenic contrast material.
Flow of contrast material was identifiable from the ipsilateral lateral ventricle into the contralateral lateral ventricle, and through the third and fourth ventricles into the basal cisterns during real-time sonography in every animal. Ventricular and cistern echogenicity remained increased for approximately 4 minutes after injection.
Contrast-enhanced sonographic ventriculography has the potential to identify patency of CSF pathways in newborns with hydrocephalus and an indwelling ventricular catheter.
超声鉴别出血后交通性和非交通性脑积水存在困难。本研究评估在新生动物模型中使用超声造影剂确定脑室通畅性的可行性。
对5只麻醉状态下的新生仔猪行开颅手术，并在超声引导下将导管置入侧脑室。在脑室内注射0.01 mL稀释于1 mL生理盐水中的超声造影剂（Imagent，制剂AF0150；Alliance制药公司，加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥）之前和之后获取超声图像，并评估回声增强造影剂的存在情况和位置。
在实时超声检查中，每只动物均可见造影剂从同侧侧脑室流入对侧侧脑室，并通过第三和第四脑室流入基底池。注射后，脑室和脑池的回声增强持续约4分钟。
超声造影脑室造影术有可能鉴别患有脑积水且留置脑室导管的新生儿脑脊液通路的通畅情况。
