两次世界大战期间的腹腔镜检查：跨大西洋交流的障碍。聚焦海因茨·卡尔克和约翰·C·拉多克。
Laparoscopy between the world wars: the barriers to trans-atlantic exchange. Spotlighting Heinz Kalk and John C. Ruddock.
作者信息
Litynski G S
机构信息
Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
出版信息
JSLS. 1997 Apr-Jun;1(2):185-8.
Abstract
This profile of laparoscopic pioneers between the world wars “spotlights” Heinz Kalk, a German surgeon, and John C. Ruddock, an American internist. Social, political and economic upheavals characterized the decades between World War I and World War II and, along with geographic and communication restraints, permitted the concept of laparoscopy to develop differently in separate settings.
摘要
两次世界大战期间腹腔镜先驱的这一概况“聚焦”了德国外科医生海因茨·卡尔克（Heinz Kalk）和美国内科医生约翰·C·拉多克（John C. Ruddock）。第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战之间的几十年以社会、政治和经济动荡为特征，再加上地理和通讯限制，使得腹腔镜检查的概念在不同环境中以不同方式发展。
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