Grilly D M, Pistell P J, Simon B B
Bio-behavioral Research Laboratories, Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, OH 44115, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998 Dec;140(3):272-8. doi: 10.1007/s002130050767.
Conditions under which amphetamine may facilitate stimulus detection task choice performance in rats were investigated. Rats (n=15) were trained in a two-choice, light-detection task to three successively more stringent criterion levels of task training (minimal, intermediate, and extended) and then tested after administration of saline, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mg/kg d-amphetamine (AMP). For each training level, baseline levels of choice accuracy were maintained at approximately 82% by manipulating the animals' cue duration. No aspect of performance was enhanced by any dose of AMP after minimal criteria training, and there was a dose-dependent decrease in the number of trials completed. After the intermediate level of training, the 0.25 mg/kg dose of AMP reliably increased choice accuracy, there was no reliable change in choice reaction time, and there was a dose-dependent decrease in the number of trials completed. After the extended training, the 0.25 mg/kg dose of AMP reliably increased choice response accuracy, the 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg doses of AMP reliably decreased choice reaction time, and there was no reliable change in the number of trials completed at any dose of AMP. These results support the contention that psychostimulants can facilitate the choice performance of rats in stimulus detection tasks if an appropriately low dose is used and the animal's behavior is strongly controlled by the stimulus-reinforcement contingencies of the task.
研究了苯丙胺可能促进大鼠刺激检测任务选择表现的条件。15只大鼠在二选一的光检测任务中接受训练，达到三个连续更严格的任务训练标准水平（最低、中等和扩展），然后在给予生理盐水、0.25、0.50和0.75mg/kg右旋苯丙胺（AMP）后进行测试。对于每个训练水平，通过操纵动物的线索持续时间，选择准确性的基线水平维持在约82%。在最低标准训练后，任何剂量的AMP均未提高表现的任何方面，且完成的试验次数呈剂量依赖性减少。在中等训练水平后，0.25mg/kg剂量的AMP可靠地提高了选择准确性，选择反应时间没有可靠变化，且完成的试验次数呈剂量依赖性减少。在扩展训练后，0.25mg/kg剂量的AMP可靠地提高了选择反应准确性，0.25和0.50mg/kg剂量的AMP可靠地缩短了选择反应时间，且任何剂量的AMP下完成的试验次数均无可靠变化。这些结果支持这样的观点，即如果使用适当低的剂量且动物的行为受到任务的刺激-强化偶联的强烈控制，精神兴奋剂可以促进大鼠在刺激检测任务中的选择表现。
