Summerfeldt L J, Endler N S
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
J Anxiety Disord. 1998 Nov-Dec;12(6):579-98. doi: 10.1016/s0887-6185(98)00035-8.
In light of current concerns about the diagnostic classification of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), this article critically examines recent experimental research on anxiety-related cognitive biases in OCD in order to determine whether it provides grounds for OCD's differentiation from other anxiety disorders. This small body of work is found to be fraught with defects, anomalies, and inconsistencies. These findings contrast dramatically with the robust results obtained with other clinical anxiety disorders. When biases are in evidence it tends to be with a select group of subjects, that is, those with contamination concerns. It is suggested that only this subtype of OCD, or some core characteristic underlying it, may be associated with cognitive tendencies comparable to those found in other anxiety disorders (i.e., biases at the attentional level associated with the emotional tone, or content, of information). Cognitive tendencies in other subtypes likely require different explanatory frameworks. This review provides evidence for the partial uniqueness of OCD from other anxiety disorders.
鉴于当前对强迫症（OCD）诊断分类的关注，本文批判性地审视了近期关于强迫症中与焦虑相关的认知偏差的实验研究，以确定其是否为强迫症与其他焦虑症的区分提供依据。研究发现，这一小部分研究存在诸多缺陷、异常和不一致之处。这些发现与其他临床焦虑症所取得的稳健结果形成了鲜明对比。当存在认知偏差时，往往只在特定的一组受试者中出现，即那些有污染担忧的受试者。研究表明，只有这种强迫症亚型或其潜在的某些核心特征，可能与其他焦虑症中发现的认知倾向相关（即与信息的情感基调或内容相关的注意力层面的偏差）。其他亚型的认知倾向可能需要不同的解释框架。本综述为强迫症与其他焦虑症的部分独特性提供了证据。
