Fisher W W, Kuhn D E, Thompson R H
Neurobehavioral Unit, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1998 Winter;31(4):543-60. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-543.
Functional communication training (FCT) is a popular treatment for problem behaviors, but its effectiveness may be compromised when the client emits the target communication response and reinforcement is either delayed or denied. In the current investigation, we trained 2 individuals to emit different communication responses to request (a) the reinforcer for destructive behavior in a given situation (e.g., contingent attention in the attention condition of a functional analysis) and (b) an alternative reinforcer (e.g., toys in the attention condition of a functional analysis). Next, we taught the participants to request each reinforcer in the presence of a different discriminative stimulus (SD). Then, we evaluated the effects of differential reinforcement of communication (DRC) using the functional and alternative reinforcers and correlated SDs, with and without extinction of destructive behavior. During all applications, DRC (in combination with SDs that signaled available reinforcers) rapidly reduced destructive behavior to low levels regardless of whether the functional reinforcer or an alternative reinforcer was available or whether reinforcement for destructive behavior was discontinued (i.e., extinction).
功能性沟通训练（FCT）是一种针对问题行为的常用治疗方法，但其效果可能会因服务对象做出目标沟通反应后强化物延迟提供或不予提供而受到影响。在本次调查中，我们训练了两名个体做出不同的沟通反应，以请求（a）在特定情境中破坏性行为的强化物（例如，在功能分析的注意力条件下的依随注意），以及（b）一种替代强化物（例如，在功能分析的注意力条件下的玩具）。接下来，我们教导参与者在不同的辨别性刺激（SD）出现时请求每种强化物。然后，我们评估了使用功能性强化物和替代强化物以及相关的辨别性刺激进行沟通差异强化（DRC）的效果，同时有或没有对破坏性行为进行消退处理。在所有应用过程中，沟通差异强化（结合指示有可用强化物的辨别性刺激）迅速将破坏性行为减少到低水平，无论功能性强化物或替代强化物是否可用，也无论是否停止对破坏性行为的强化（即消退）。
