Brown D A, London E
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794-5215, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1998;14:111-36. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.14.1.111.
Recent studies showing that detergent-resistant membrane fragments can be isolated from cells suggest that biological membranes are not always in a liquid-crystalline phase. Instead, sphingolipid and cholesterol-rich membranes such as plasma membranes appear to exist, at least partially, in the liquid-ordered phase or a phase with similar properties. Sphingolipid and cholesterol-rich domains may exist as phase-separated "rafts" in the membrane. We discuss the relationship between detergent-resistant membranes, rafts, caveolae, and low-density plasma membrane fragments. We also discuss possible functions of lipid rafts in membranes. Signal transduction through the high-affinity receptor for IgE on basophils, and possibly through related receptors on other hematopoietic cells, appears to be enhanced by association with rafts. Raft association may also aid in signaling through proteins anchored by glycosylphosphatidylinositol, particularly in hematopoietic cells and neurons. Rafts may also function in sorting and trafficking through the secretory and endocytic pathways.
近期研究表明，可从细胞中分离出抗去污剂膜片段，这表明生物膜并非总是处于液晶相。相反，富含鞘脂和胆固醇的膜，如质膜，似乎至少部分地存在于液相有序相或具有类似性质的相中。富含鞘脂和胆固醇的结构域可能以膜中相分离的“筏”形式存在。我们讨论了抗去污剂膜、筏、小窝和低密度质膜片段之间的关系。我们还讨论了膜中脂筏的可能功能。通过嗜碱性粒细胞上IgE的高亲和力受体以及可能通过其他造血细胞上的相关受体进行的信号转导，似乎因与筏结合而增强。筏结合也可能有助于通过糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定的蛋白质进行信号传导，特别是在造血细胞和神经元中。筏还可能在分泌和内吞途径的分选和运输中发挥作用。
