Manderson L
Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, The University of Queensland.
Trop Med Int Health. 1998 Dec;3(12):1020-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00334.x.
This paper focuses on two roles of anthropology in the control of infectious disease. The first is in identifying and describing concerns and understandings of disease, including local knowledge of cause and treatment relevant to disease control. The second is in translating these local concerns into appropriate health interventions, for example, by providing information to be incorporated in education and communication strategies for disease control. Problems arise in control programmes with competing knowledge and value systems. Anthropology's role conventionally has been in the translation of local concepts of illness and treatment, and the adaptation of biomedical knowledge to fit local aetiologies. Medical anthropology plays an important role in examining the local context of disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention, and the structural as well as conceptual barriers to improved health status. National (and international) public health goals which respect local priorities are uncommon, and generic health goals rarely coincide with specific country and community needs. The success of interventions and control programmes is moderated by local priorities and conditions, and sustainable interventions need to acknowledge and address country-specific social, economic and political circumstances.
本文聚焦于人类学在传染病控制中的两个作用。第一个作用是识别和描述对疾病的关切与理解，包括与疾病控制相关的病因及治疗方面的当地知识。第二个作用是将这些当地关切转化为适当的健康干预措施，例如，通过提供信息以纳入疾病控制的教育和传播策略中。在存在相互竞争的知识和价值体系的控制项目中会出现问题。人类学传统上的作用一直是翻译关于疾病和治疗的当地概念，并使生物医学知识适应当地病因。医学人类学在审视疾病诊断、治疗和预防的当地背景以及改善健康状况的结构和概念障碍方面发挥着重要作用。尊重当地优先事项的国家（及国际）公共卫生目标并不常见，一般性的健康目标很少与特定国家和社区的需求相契合。干预措施和控制项目的成功受到当地优先事项和条件的制约，可持续的干预措施需要承认并应对特定国家的社会、经济和政治情况。
