Stellmach Darryl, Beshar Isabel, Bedford Juliet, du Cros Philipp, Stringer Beverley
Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK.
Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
BMJ Glob Health. 2018 Mar 25;3(2):e000534. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000534. eCollection 2018.
Recent outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (2013-2016) and Zika virus (2015-2016) bring renewed recognition of the need to understand social pathways of disease transmission and barriers to care. Social scientists, anthropologists in particular, have been recognised as important players in disease outbreak response because of their ability to assess social, economic and political factors in local contexts. However, in emergency public health response, as with any interdisciplinary setting, different professions may disagree over methods, ethics and the nature of evidence itself. A disease outbreak is no place to begin to negotiate disciplinary differences. Given increasing demand for anthropologists to work alongside epidemiologists, clinicians and public health professionals in health crises, this paper gives a basic introduction to anthropological methods and seeks to bridge the gap in disciplinary expectations within emergencies. It asks: 'What can anthropologists do in a public health crisis and how do they do it?' It argues for an interdisciplinary conception of emergency and the recognition that social, psychological and institutional factors influence all aspects of care.
近期爆发的埃博拉病毒病（2013 - 2016年）和寨卡病毒（2015 - 2016年），使人们再次认识到了解疾病传播的社会途径以及医疗障碍的必要性。社会科学家，尤其是人类学家，因其能够评估当地社会、经济和政治因素，而被视为疾病爆发应对中的重要角色。然而，在紧急公共卫生应对中，与任何跨学科环境一样，不同专业在方法、伦理以及证据本身的性质方面可能存在分歧。疾病爆发可不是开始协商学科差异的地方。鉴于在健康危机中人类学家与流行病学家、临床医生和公共卫生专业人员合作的需求日益增加，本文对人类学方法进行了基本介绍，并试图弥合紧急情况下学科期望的差距。它提出问题：“人类学家在公共卫生危机中能做什么以及如何去做？” 它主张对紧急情况要有跨学科的概念，并认识到社会、心理和制度因素会影响医疗的各个方面。
