Balding S D, Sjoberg S A, Neitz J, Neitz M
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
Vision Res. 1998 Nov;38(21):3359-64. doi: 10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00440-9.
We screened 150 male eye donors and identified four who did not have or express L pigment genes, consistent with each of them having a congenital protan color vision defect. One donor was identified as a protanope because he had and expressed a single X-chromosome photopigment gene that encoded an M pigment. Three were categorized as protanomalous because each expressed significant levels of genes specifying two spectrally different M pigments. The first gene in each of the protanomalous arrays was expressed the most and encoded an M pigment that differed in amino acid sequence from M pigments in color normal men.
