Guarnaccia P J, Lopez S
Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 1998 Jul;7(3):537-53, viii-ix.
Although parents may make decisions to leave their homes, either willingly in the hope of improving their lives or involuntarily to escape danger and seek safety for themselves and their families, it is never a voluntary decision for the child. The economic, political, social, and other contextual issues associated with migration are as significant in predicting the child's adjustment to his or her new circumstances as his or her physical and psychological endowment. This article addresses these issues and suggests that particular consideration be given to children whose migration was punctuated by life-threatening danger or whose families were overwhelmed by the stresses of migratory experiences. Child and adolescent psychiatrists and other well-trained mental health professionals can further the understanding of the interactions among the child, family, and new community, which can promote or hinder the process of adaptation to the new setting.
尽管父母可能会决定离开家园，或是出于改善生活的意愿，或是为躲避危险，为自己和家人寻求安全而被迫离开，但对孩子来说，这绝不是一个自愿的决定。与移民相关的经济、政治、社会及其他背景问题，在预测孩子对新环境的适应情况方面，与孩子的生理和心理禀赋同样重要。本文探讨了这些问题，并建议特别关注那些移民过程中遭遇生命威胁的孩子，或者那些家庭因移民经历的压力而不堪重负的孩子。儿童和青少年精神科医生以及其他训练有素的心理健康专业人员，可以进一步加深对孩子、家庭和新社区之间相互作用的理解，这有助于或阻碍适应新环境的进程。
