Multiple sclerosis and the neurogenic bladder.

Most patients with progressive MS will develop voiding dysfunction. In order to properly manage these patients, it is imperative to have a basic understanding of normal and abnormal bladder function. Based on history, physical examination, urinalysis, and renal function, diagnostic evaluation can be tailored to the individual. Empiric therapy without urologic consultation may be appropriate in some patients. In others, referral for full urodynamic evaluation will be necessary to best manage neurogenic voiding dysfunctions. Although there are many treatment options for patients with neurogenic bladders, it is imperative that therapy remain conservative and initially reversible because symptoms from MS tend to wax and wane over time. Long-term follow-up for patients with MS and neurogenic bladders is required to preserve renal function and avoid infections. A urologic program should be designed to promote continent, low-pressure bladder storage and controlled emptying while minimizing symptoms in a manner that promotes improved quality of life and self-esteem.