Selvåg E
Dermatologisk afd, Bispebjerg hospital, Universitetet i København.
Nord Med. 1998 Dec;113(10):335-7.
As phototoxic and photoallergic reactions have been recognised as unwanted skin manifestations caused by any of several hundred substances, drugs and chemicals, it is essential to determine the potential photo-sensitising properties of such substances before they are introduced in clinical therapy or made available on the market, in order to avoid such reactions. In cases of phototoxic reactions, the patient presents with skin changes resembling sunburn, sometimes accompanied by blistering, whereas in cases of photoallergic reactions the skin changes are similar to those of allergic contact dermatitis. The two most important aids to clinical investigation are determination of the erythema treshold, or the minimal erythema dose, and photopatch testing. The article reviews the basic mechanisms of photosensitisation, outlining the most important differences between phototoxic and photoallergic reactions, summarises the most frequent photosensitisers, and presents the diagnostic procedures, including the tests used in experimental phototoxicity.
由于光毒性和光过敏反应已被确认为由数百种物质、药物和化学物质中的任何一种引起的不良皮肤表现，因此在将此类物质引入临床治疗或投放市场之前，确定其潜在的光致敏特性至关重要，以避免此类反应。在光毒性反应病例中，患者会出现类似晒伤的皮肤变化，有时伴有水疱形成，而在光过敏反应病例中，皮肤变化类似于过敏性接触性皮炎。临床研究的两个最重要辅助手段是测定红斑阈值或最小红斑量以及光斑贴试验。本文回顾了光致敏的基本机制，概述了光毒性和光过敏反应之间最重要的区别，总结了最常见的光致敏剂，并介绍了诊断程序，包括实验性光毒性中使用的测试。
