Seremetis M G, Lyons W S, deGuzman V C, Peabody J W
Cancer. 1976 Nov;38(5):2166-77. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197611)38:5<2166::aid-cncr2820380547>3.0.co;2-b.
Review of the world literature to the end of 1971 has provided data on 838 cases of esophageal leiomyomata, including our own 19 surgically removed lesions. Although esophageal leiomyoma is the most common of the benign tumors of the esophagus, it is still rare compared with carcinoma. It occurs in more men than women, by a ratio of 1.9 to 1. Over 50% of the patients with leiomyoma of the esophagus are asymptomatic. Dysphagia and vague pain are the most frequent symptoms. Pyrosis is mentioned in the literature as present in 40% of the cases, but it is considered mainly as symptom of coexistent hiatal hernia. Diagnostic problems often arise, as the smooth muscle tumors may mimic mediastinal neoplasms, cysts, or even aneurysms, or complicate coexisting hiatal hernia and esophageal diverticulum. Operative management by transthoracic enucleation is the procedure of choice, although resection of the esophagaus may be required in few cases. Postoperative morbidity is minimal and results are excellent.
截至1971年底对世界文献的回顾提供了838例食管平滑肌瘤的数据，其中包括我们自己手术切除的19例病变。虽然食管平滑肌瘤是食管良性肿瘤中最常见的，但与癌相比仍然罕见。男性发病多于女性，比例为1.9比1。超过50%的食管平滑肌瘤患者无症状。吞咽困难和隐痛是最常见的症状。文献中提到40%的病例有烧心症状，但它主要被认为是并存食管裂孔疝的症状。由于平滑肌瘤可能酷似纵隔肿瘤、囊肿甚至动脉瘤，或使并存的食管裂孔疝和食管憩室复杂化，常出现诊断问题。经胸摘除术是手术治疗的首选方法，尽管少数情况下可能需要切除食管。术后发病率极低，效果极佳。
