Mast E E, Williams I T, Alter M J, Margolis H S
Hepatitis Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Vaccine. 1998 Nov;16 Suppl:S27-9. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00288-6.
Substantial progress has been made in implementing routine infant hepatitis B vaccination in the United States. However, in 1996, an estimated 65,000 acute hepatitis B cases occurred, the majority of which were among young adults in high-risk groups. Recent surveys have found very low vaccination coverage among several high-risk groups, including men who have sex with men and patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Targeted vaccination of persons with risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be provided in a variety of settings including family planning clinics, STD clinics, drug treatment centres, detention centres, jails and prisons. However, vaccination programmes have been infrequently implemented in these settings and the majority of persons with acute hepatitis B cases have had a missed opportunity for vaccination in the past. Thus, in order to accelerate elimination of HBV transmission in the United States, increased efforts are needed to implement effective hepatitis B vaccination programmes targeted to adolescents and adults in high-risk groups.
美国在实施常规婴儿乙肝疫苗接种方面已取得重大进展。然而，1996年估计发生了65000例急性乙肝病例，其中大多数发生在高危人群中的年轻人中。最近的调查发现，包括男同性恋者和性传播疾病（STD）患者在内的几个高危人群的疫苗接种覆盖率非常低。针对乙肝病毒（HBV）感染风险因素人群的靶向疫苗接种可以在多种场所进行，包括计划生育诊所、性病诊所、戒毒中心、拘留中心、监狱等。然而，这些场所很少实施疫苗接种计划，大多数急性乙肝病例患者过去都错过了接种疫苗的机会。因此，为了加速在美国消除HBV传播，需要加大力度实施针对高危人群中青少年和成年人的有效乙肝疫苗接种计划。
