Weidenbach A, Klose B J, Langer F
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1976 Oct;36(10):820-7.
From 1959 to 1975, 1060 (3.6%) breech presentations were found among 29,463 infants. The breech deliveries from May 1, 1959 to December 31, 1965 were compared with those from January 1, 1966 to December 31, 1975. Among the 3.6% breech deliveries there were 47% male and 53% female. There were more primigravida breech deliveries in both groups. The mean age of the mothers was 25.4 years for primigravidas and 29.4 years for multiparas. There was a maternal mortality of 0.2% (2 cases) in breech delivery. 29% of the breech deliveries were premature deliveries. There was a strickingly high incidence of frank and full breech deliveries among all patients. Knee presentations were rare. Delivery was primarily accomplished with the Bracht manoeuver in over 80% of the cases. Complete breech extractions decreased and the incidence of Caesarean Sections rose from 6% in the first group to 21% in the second group of patients. During the past 3 years the Caesarean Section rate was approximately 30%. Perinatal complications in the breech deliveries compare well to those reported in the literature. Of 750 mature infants (70.8%), 12 died (1.6%). Discounting children with congenital malformations and intrauterine stillbirth there remained 5 deaths from breech deliveries (0.7%). Of 1032 breech deliveries with a birth weight of 1000 grams or over, 74 infants (over all perinatal mortality 7.2%) died. 110 infants of all breech deliveries had a birth weight of less than 2500 grams (prematurity rate 29.2%). Of 102 cases of perinatal mortality in breech deliveries including those below 1000 grams 90 (88.2%) were premature. Of those 90 premature deaths, 28 infants were less than 1000 grams. 25 infants showed fetal congenital abnormalities. The corrected perinatal mortality of the premature deliveries was therefore 11.9%. The rate of birth trauma was 6.3% in the first group and 2.7% in the second group.
1959年至1975年期间，在29463例婴儿中发现1060例（3.6%）为臀位分娩。对1959年5月1日至1965年12月31日期间的臀位分娩情况与1966年1月1日至1975年12月31日期间的进行了比较。在3.6%的臀位分娩中，男性占47%，女性占53%。两组中初产妇的臀位分娩情况较多。初产妇母亲的平均年龄为25.4岁，经产妇为29.4岁。臀位分娩的孕产妇死亡率为0.2%（2例）。29%的臀位分娩为早产。在所有患者中，足先露和完全臀先露的发生率极高。膝先露很少见。超过80%的病例主要通过布拉赫特手法完成分娩。完全臀位牵引术减少，剖宫产率从第一组患者的6%上升至第二组患者的21%。在过去3年中，剖宫产率约为30%。臀位分娩的围产期并发症与文献报道的情况相当。在750例成熟婴儿（70.8%）中，12例死亡（1.6%）。排除先天性畸形和宫内死产的婴儿后，臀位分娩仍有5例死亡（0.7%）。在1032例出生体重为1000克或以上的臀位分娩中，74例婴儿死亡（总体围产期死亡率为7.2%）。所有臀位分娩中有110例婴儿出生体重低于2500克（早产率为29.2%）。在102例包括体重低于1000克婴儿的臀位分娩围产期死亡病例中，90例（88.2%）为早产。在这90例早产死亡病例中，28例婴儿体重低于1000克。25例婴儿表现出胎儿先天性异常。因此，早产的校正围产期死亡率为11.9%。第一组的产伤率为6.3%，第二组为2.7%。
