Koeller K K, Alamo L, Adair C F, Smirniotopoulos J G
Department of Radiologic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306-6000, USA.
Radiographics. 1999 Jan-Feb;19(1):121-46; quiz 152-3. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.19.1.g99ja06121.
Cervical congenital cystic masses constitute an uncommon group of lesions usually diagnosed in infancy and childhood. The most common congenital neck mass is the thyroglossal duct cyst. The diagnosis is easily established from the presence of a cystic lesion in the anterior midline portion of the neck. The vast majority of branchial cleft cysts arise from the second branchial cleft. They can occur anywhere from the oropharyngeal tonsillar fossa to the supraclavicular region of the neck. Cystic hygroma is the most common form of lymphangioma. In the neck, cystic hygromas are most commonly found in the posterior cervical space. They typically extend into adjacent structures without respecting the fascial planes. Dermoid and epidermoid cysts result from sequestration of ectodermal tissue. The floor of the mouth is the most common location in the neck. Cervical thymic cysts are very uncommon lesions and are found anywhere from the angle of the mandible down to the sternum. Laryngoceles are classified into internal, external, and mixed types and have a frequent association with laryngeal carcinoma.
颈部先天性囊性肿物是一组不常见的病变，通常在婴儿期和儿童期被诊断出来。最常见的先天性颈部肿物是甲状舌管囊肿。根据颈部前中线部位存在囊性病变很容易确诊。绝大多数鳃裂囊肿起源于第二鳃裂。它们可发生于从口咽扁桃体窝到颈部锁骨上区域的任何部位。囊状水瘤是淋巴管瘤最常见的形式。在颈部，囊状水瘤最常出现在颈后间隙。它们通常会延伸至相邻结构，而不受筋膜平面的限制。皮样囊肿和表皮样囊肿是由外胚层组织隔离形成的。口底是颈部最常见的部位。颈部胸腺囊肿是非常罕见的病变，可发生于从下颌角到胸骨的任何部位。喉气囊肿分为内型、外型和混合型，且常与喉癌相关。
