van Haastrecht H J, Bax J S, van den Hoek A A
Municipal Health Service, Department of Public Health and Environment, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Addiction. 1998 Sep;93(9):1417-25. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.939141712.x.
To determine levels of injecting drug use and sexual risk behaviours in injecting drug users during and immediately following imprisonment in The Netherlands.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional survey of drug injectors attending methadone clinics, a sexually transmitted disease clinic and a central research site in Amsterdam. The mean age of the 188 participants was 35 years, 78% were male and 34% had HIV antibodies.
Self-reported drug use and sexual behaviours during the last period of imprisonment in Dutch prisons within the previous 3 years and injecting drug use in the week following release from prison.
A period of imprisonment in the preceding 3 years was reported by 188 (41%) of 463 interviewed drug injectors. The mean duration of last imprisonment was 3.6 months. Any use of cannabis, heroin or cocaine during imprisonment was reported by 55%, 37% and 20%, respectively. Five injectors (3%) admitted to having injected in prison, but no sharing of needles and syringes was reported. Vaginal or anal sex was reported by two (1%) of the men and none of the women. Relapse to drug injecting during the week following release from prison was reported by 78/186 (42%) participants, in most cases (34%) at the very first day of release. Drug use behaviours during imprisonment were similar for those who were designated current injectors at the time of imprisonment and those who were not, but injecting in the first week following release from prison was far higher among 'current' injectors (63%) than among those who were not (11%).
Contrary to findings from other countries, low levels of HIV risk behaviours occur among imprisoned drug injectors in The Netherlands. Intra-prison HIV preventive measures should be considered taking into account the nationally, regionally or locally varying conditions within the existing prisons.
确定荷兰吸毒者在监禁期间及刚获释后注射吸毒的程度和性风险行为。
设计、地点和参与者：对在美沙酮诊所、性病诊所及阿姆斯特丹一个中央研究地点就诊的吸毒注射者进行横断面调查。188名参与者的平均年龄为35岁，78%为男性，34%有艾滋病毒抗体。
自我报告过去3年内荷兰监狱最后监禁期的吸毒和性行为情况，以及出狱后一周内的注射吸毒情况。
在接受访谈的463名吸毒注射者中，188人（41%）报告在过去3年内有过监禁期。上次监禁的平均时长为3.6个月。分别有55%、37%和20%的人报告在监禁期间吸食过大麻、海洛因或可卡因。5名注射者（3%）承认在监狱内注射过，但未报告有共用针头和注射器的情况。男性中有两人（1%）报告有阴道或肛交行为，女性无人报告。78/186（42%）的参与者报告在出狱后一周内复吸注射毒品，大多数情况（34%）是在出狱第一天。监禁期间的吸毒行为在监禁时被认定为当前注射者和非当前注射者中相似，但出狱后第一周内的注射情况在“当前”注射者（63%）中远高于非当前注射者（11%）。
与其他国家的研究结果相反，荷兰被监禁的吸毒注射者中艾滋病毒风险行为水平较低。应考虑在现有监狱内根据国家、地区或当地不同情况采取监狱内艾滋病毒预防措施。
