Carvell A L, Hart G J
Academic Department of Genitourinary Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, University College, London.
BMJ. 1990 May 26;300(6736):1383-4. doi: 10.1136/bmj.300.6736.1383.
To study a group of injecting drug users to establish the degree of illicit drug use in prisons, the prevalence of risk behaviours for HIV infection, and the uptake of treatment for drug dependency with drugs within the prison system.
Anonymous, self administered, questionnaire.
Two drug agencies in central London; one operating a scheme for exchanging needles, and the other offering drug advice and information.
50 (42 Men, eight women) self selected injecting drug users (mean age 31.2 (range 21-42)), all of whom had been held in custody at some time since 1982.
Details about periods served in custody since 1982; the number of respondents who took drugs (orally or by injection), either illicitly or prescribed, while in prison and the types of substances taken; the respondents' sexual activity in prison and between periods in custody.
The average time spent in custody before the study was 20.6 months (range 1-72). Most prosecutions were directly or indirectly related to drug taking. 47 Of the 50 respondents reported taking at least one illicit drug while in custody; 33 by injection, 26 of whom had shared injecting equipment. 30 Had been treated for drug dependency by the prescribing of drugs while in prison. While in custody, one woman and four men (with a mean of seven (range 2-16) male partners) had had sex. Between periods spent in custody, men reported having a mean of eight (range 0-90) female partners and women a mean of one (range 0-3) male partner. Three men had had sex with other men, with a mean of six (range 2-11) partners. Since their last period in custody, men had had a mean of two (range 0-18) female partners and women had had a mean of two (range 1-3) male partners. Five men had also had male partners.
A high prevalence of injecting and sexual risk behaviours among injecting drug users within and between periods in custody has been shown. Most of these offenders continued to take drugs while in custody, and just over half not only injected drugs but shared equipment. Some of the male prisoners compounded their risk of HIV infection by engaging in sexual activity with multiple partners. Prisoners who then have multiple sexual partners after release place their partners in the community at particular risk of HIV infection. Although many of the drug users were prescribed drugs for their dependency, limited access to appropriate treatment, counselling, and health education may compound the situation.
研究一组注射吸毒者，以确定监狱中非法药物使用的程度、艾滋病毒感染风险行为的流行情况，以及监狱系统内对药物依赖的治疗情况。
匿名、自我管理的问卷调查。
伦敦市中心的两个毒品机构；一个实施针头交换计划，另一个提供毒品咨询和信息。
50名（42名男性，8名女性）自我选择的注射吸毒者（平均年龄31.2岁（范围21 - 42岁）），自1982年以来他们都曾被羁押过。
1982年以来的羁押时间详情；在监狱中非法或按处方服用（口服或注射）毒品的受访者人数及所服用物质的类型；受访者在监狱内及羁押期间的性行为情况。
研究前平均羁押时间为20.6个月（范围1 - 72个月）。大多数起诉与吸毒直接或间接相关。50名受访者中有47人报告在羁押期间至少服用过一种非法药物；33人注射毒品，其中26人共用过注射器具。30人在监狱中因药物依赖接受过药物治疗。在羁押期间，一名女性和四名男性（平均有7名（范围2 - 16名）男性伴侣）有过性行为。在羁押期间，男性报告平均有8名（范围0 - 90名）女性伴侣，女性报告平均有1名（范围0 - 3名）男性伴侣。三名男性与其他男性发生过性行为，平均有6名（范围2 - 11名）伴侣。自上次羁押期以来，男性平均有2名（范围0 - 18名）女性伴侣，女性平均有2名（范围1 - 3名）男性伴侣。五名男性也有男性伴侣。
已表明注射吸毒者在羁押期间及羁押期间之间存在很高的注射和性风险行为发生率。这些罪犯中的大多数在羁押期间继续吸毒，且略超过半数不仅注射毒品还共用器具。一些男性囚犯通过与多个伴侣发生性行为增加了感染艾滋病毒的风险。那些在获释后有多个性伴侣的囚犯使社区中的伴侣面临特别高的艾滋病毒感染风险。尽管许多吸毒者因药物依赖被开了药，但获得适当治疗、咨询和健康教育的机会有限可能会使情况更加复杂。
