Magistretti P J, Cardinaux J R, Martin J L
Laboratoire de Recherche Neurologique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Dec 11;865:213-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11181.x.
VIP neurons are a homogeneous population of intracortical bipolar cells. They receive excitatory synapses from afferent circuits to the cortex and exert effects on neurons, astrocytes, and capillaries. Effects on the two latter cell types imply that VIP neurons can translate incoming neuronal signals into local metabolic actions. Indeed, VIP tightly regulates glycogen metabolism in astrocytes. In this cell type VIP regulates the expression of a number of genes related to energy metabolism, such as glycogen synthase. These effects of VIP involve the transcription factor family C/EBP and result in the induction of at least seven new proteins by astrocytes. The actions of VIP on neurons appear to be of a modulatory nature: thus VIP enhances glutamate-mediated neurotransmission by potentiating the effects of glutamate on arachidonic acid formation and on the induction of c-fos and on BDNF expression. These effects indicate that VIP can actually increase the strength of glutamate-mediated neurotransmission.
血管活性肠肽（VIP）神经元是皮质内双极细胞的同质群体。它们从传入皮质的神经回路接收兴奋性突触，并对神经元、星形胶质细胞和毛细血管产生影响。对后两种细胞类型的影响意味着VIP神经元可以将传入的神经信号转化为局部代谢作用。事实上，VIP严格调节星形胶质细胞中的糖原代谢。在这种细胞类型中，VIP调节许多与能量代谢相关的基因的表达，如糖原合酶。VIP的这些作用涉及转录因子家族C/EBP，并导致星形胶质细胞诱导至少七种新蛋白质。VIP对神经元的作用似乎具有调节性质：因此，VIP通过增强谷氨酸对花生四烯酸形成、c-fos诱导和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）表达的影响，增强谷氨酸介导的神经传递。这些效应表明，VIP实际上可以增强谷氨酸介导的神经传递强度。
