Bayne K
Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) International, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Dec 30;862:105-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09122.x.
Oversight of laboratory animal care and use in the research environment is multilayered. Federal and state regulations apply to many laboratory animal species; funding agencies frequently require adherence to additional guidelines; institutions may develop in-house policies; and an institution may choose to voluntarily participate in an accreditation program, indicating a commitment by the institution to apply the most rigorous standards to the animal care and use program. In general, regulations follow a prescriptive "engineering" approach, while guidelines applied to the care and use of research animals follow a "performance" approach, which defines the desired outcome in detail, but acknowledges that multiple methods may achieve that outcome. The performance approach relies on sound professional judgment, thereby allowing flexibility based on an institution's unique circumstances. Further, this approach should facilitate the international harmonization of animal care and use standards. The performance, or outcome, approach to developing guidelines is described, using the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NRC, 1996) as the model.
研究环境中实验动物护理与使用的监督是多层次的。联邦和州法规适用于许多实验动物物种；资助机构经常要求遵守额外的指导方针；机构可能会制定内部政策；而且一个机构可能会选择自愿参与认证计划，这表明该机构承诺对动物护理与使用计划采用最严格的标准。一般来说，法规遵循规定性的“工程”方法，而适用于实验动物护理与使用的指导方针遵循“绩效”方法，该方法详细定义了期望的结果，但承认多种方法可能实现该结果。绩效方法依赖于合理的专业判断，从而允许根据机构的独特情况具有灵活性。此外，这种方法应有助于实验动物护理与使用标准的国际协调。本文以《实验动物饲养与使用指南》（美国国家研究委员会，1996年）为模型，描述了制定指导方针的绩效或结果方法。
