Pamukcu A M, Ertürk E, Yalçiner S, Bryan G T
Invest Urol. 1976 Nov;14(3):213-8.
Histologic examination of the urinary bladders of albino rats fed bracken fern (Pteris aqulinum) showed epithelial hyperplasia in all test animals after 3 weeks of feeding and nuclear abnormalities at 4 to 6 weeks. Epithelial tumors were present in animals surviving more than 12 weeks, and invasion of subepithelial tissue occurred in animals sacrificed after this time. Carcinoma in situ, comparable to that in man, was not observed before invasive carcinoma, but was noted later in the surface epithelium adjacent to invasive carcinoma. Transitional cell carcinomas originated from hyperplastic epithelium, squamous cell carcinomas from metaplastic squamous epithelium, and papillary carcinomas from papillomas. Papillomas were preceded by epithelial hyperplasia. The results suggest that hyperplasia precedes bladder carcinoma in rats fed bracken fern.
对白鼠喂食蕨菜（蕨属植物）后，对其膀胱进行组织学检查发现，喂食3周后所有受试动物均出现上皮增生，4至6周出现核异常。存活超过12周的动物出现上皮肿瘤，在此之后处死的动物出现上皮下组织浸润。原位癌在浸润性癌之前未观察到，与人类情况类似，但在浸润性癌附近的表面上皮中后来被发现。移行细胞癌起源于增生上皮，鳞状细胞癌起源于化生的鳞状上皮，乳头状癌起源于乳头状瘤。乳头状瘤之前有上皮增生。结果表明，喂食蕨菜的大鼠中，增生先于膀胱癌出现。
